Join the LIST to be eligible for tickets & news/updates. Check SPAM or promo folder - tix released to all on list, email us if probs
If you havenât yet, you may want to read the Celtic Cosmologyđ section (page and sub-pages)first to better understand how Irish Jack-O'-Lanterns served a completely different purpose. Â
While the story of Stingy Jack of the Lantern is probably about two centuries (200 years) younger than the English tale of Will-o'-the-Wisp, its use of turnip lanterns suggests that the Irish Stingy Jack story is likely a local Irish reworking of the English Will-o'-the-Wisp (also called Will the Smith) story. This adaptation reflects Irish character, Samhain traditions, and moral lessons common in Irish cautionary folk tales (Christina Hole, Carol Rose, Ronald Hutton).
However, itâs important to note that the first folklore evidence for Samhain turnip Jack-O'-Lanterns in Ireland comes from the late 18th century (1700s CE/AD) and early 19th century (1800s CE/AD). This timing makes them contemporary with the earliest written accounts of the English Will the Blacksmith stories, although news accounts from the same period shows turnips were also used in Somerset and Warwickshire to frighten people, and the bot light stories again appear in about 1660 with the dubbing âJack-o-lanterns." It shows that Irish turnip use at Samhain wasnât influenced by the English story earlier than the Irish Stingy Jack tale, but an Irish adaptation of the English tale.
People originally carved turnips, rutabagas, and later pumpkinsâafter the Columbian Exchange (when foods from the New World of the Americas met the Old World of Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, introducing pumpkins to Europe). When Scottish and Irish immigrants came to the Americas, they replaced turnips with pumpkins.
These carved faces werenât originally meant to frighten children or decorate doors and windows. Instead, they were the true first jack-o'-lanternsâcreated to guide the dead and mischievous fairy (fae) beings back to their sidhe (say it SHEE) portals, the entrances through which they crossed into our world on Samhain (say it SOW-win). In Ireland, they lit the way back to the sidhe mounds, helping spirits return to the Otherworld so they wouldnât linger too long among the living.
In England, though, the jack-o'-lantern took on a darker twist. It became linked to the tale of Will the Smith, or Will-o'-the-Wisp. The first recorded tale of Will-o'-the-Wisp dates to 1660, while the Stingy Jack story wasnât written down until 150â200 years later (around the 1830s). The English phrase âJack-o'-lantern" originally referred to night watchmen carrying lanterns in the 1600s and later to mysterious marsh lights seen in bogs and moors before it was ever used to describe carved turnips in Ireland. This suggests the English story came first and was adapted by the Irish.
In the English version, Will tricked the Devil and was doomed to wander the moors with only a glowing ember, luring travelers to their doom. His flickering flame in bogs became an omen of danger and death.
Later, this story merged with the Irish legend of Stingy Jack, who tricked the Devil multiple times and was denied entry to both heaven and hell. Given only a single coal to light his way, Jack wandered the earth forever, carrying it inside a carved-out turnip.
Azriel Anthony wrote the following âMummers Plays Editionâ adaptations of Will the Blacksmith and Stingy Jack. These plays may not be used without the express written permission of the author (Š2025), and youâll encounter them performed live by actors in period dress at HallowfolkâsÂŽ A Folk Halloween ExperienceÂŽ. Trust us, and our past participants, you'll find it far more engaging, entertaining, and magical to have these tales told to you by Stingy Jack himself, or Will-O'-the Wisps.  Â
Will the Blacksmith: The First Will oâ the Wisp
(The Fool steps forward, doffs his hat, and shouts to the crowd)
âMake room there! Stand aside! Hereâs a tale worth a penny and a pint â a tale to chill yer bones and set the children squealinâ!"
A long time ago, in the misty, boggy lowlands of England â where the moon hangs like a white shillinâ and the reeds whisper secrets â there lived a blacksmith named Will. Folks called him Will the Smith, though some said Cunning Will, others called him Bad Will, for he was tricksy as a fox and twice as sharp.
Will was known for his hammer and tongs, aye, but more for his quick tongue and love of a sly jest.
(Aside, to the audience)
âAs is the custom (koo-stum), a man what laughs too loud at his own jokes finds the Devil at his elbow soon enough!â
One raw, foggy night, Death knocked at Willâs forge door, and behind him stood the Devil himself, a grin splitting his black-bearded face.
Will looked up from his glowing anvil and winked. âAh! The tall reaper and the black rogue, come to fetch my poor old bones! But â as is the custom, a man is due one last drink before his journey!"
The Devil, fancying himself a connoisseur of mortal weakness, nodded and sat for ale. Will poured and poured, spinning tales so wild they near cracked the moon in two.
After many mugs, Will said,
âBefore ye take me, good sir, let me show you a smithâs trick no saint nor sinner has seen! Turn yourself into a fine iron nail, and I shall forge you into a marvel for the ages!"
(Aside, hand cupped to mouth)
âAs is the custom, a tricksterâs tongue can twist even a serpentâs tail!"
The Devil, puffed up with pride, turned at once into a bright iron nail. Will snatched it with tongs, flung it into the roaring forge, and hammered away, sparks flying like fallen stars.
The Devil howled so fierce that the church bells near fell from their towers. At last, shriveled and beaten, he cried for mercy.
Will leaned in close, black soot smeared across his grin.
âSwear now â as is the custom, a fair bargain holds â swear never to take me to Hell, and Iâll free ye!"
The Devil, sizzling with shame, agreed and slithered away in a puff of sulfur.
Years limped by, and Willâs hammer arm grew weak. His eyes dimmed, and he took to mumbling at the hearth. One morning, Death crept alone to his side and took him â no jest this time.
Willâs spirit drifted up to Heavenâs high gate. There stood Saint Peter, stern as frost.
âNo room for the likes of thee, Will," he thundered.
(Aside, wagging a finger at the crowd)
âAs is the custom, no liar treads the golden path!"
Cast out, Will drifted down to Hell. The Devil stood waiting, arms folded, hoof tapping.
âHo ho! Look whoâs come crawling," said the Devil, his teeth like tombstones.
âBut â as is the custom, a bargain binds. No seat by my fire for you, old rogue!"
Will fell to his knees.
âPlease, friend! Surely there's a corner for a fellow with a jest?"
The Devil roared with laughter so fierce the flames reared back.
âAh, Will! You tricked me once, but you cannot trick me twice â but as is the custom, a promise stands. Yet," â he paused, eyes gleaming â âtake this coal to light your long, lonesome road!"
With a mighty kick, he sent a glowing ember flying.
Will, groaning and cursed, scooped it up. On the marshâs edge he found a turnip (tur-nip), and with his smithâs blade, carved a wicked face. He tucked the ember inside.
(Aside, tapping the lantern)
âAs is the custom, a lantern lights the road â but beware who follows it!"
From that night to this, Will wanders the fens and bogs, swinging his ghostly lantern â folk call him Will oâ the Wisp. The pale blue glow dances and bobs, tempting travelers off the safe road into the black pools, into the moors and bogs to get lost in endless mist, or else into fast running rivers to drown. So, beware of the spook lights on the moors. They be 'guiding you to your doom.
(Fool leans forward, voice low)
âAs is the custom, keep your eyes down and your feet on the track â else Will oâ the Wisp will have your soul for a song!"
Why âWill oâ the Wispâ?
Will: from Will the Blacksmithâs name.
Wisp: an old word for a torch of twisted straw or rushes.
(Fool throws up his hands and cries)
âA lantern for a lost man, a light for a liar â and a lesson for all! So ends our tale. Toss a penny in the pot if ye liked it, and may your path be straight and dry!"
Stingy Jack: The First Jack oâ Lantern
(Fool stamps foot, swings staff)
âRoom! Room! Make way for the play! A tale of drink, devilry, and one lantern whatâll haunt yer dreams!"
âRoom! Room! Stand aside, good people! Make way for the tale â a tale of drink, devilry, and a lantern carved from a turnip! A tale to curl your toes and sour your beer!"
A long time ago in old Ireland â when the bog roads were black as ink and a pint could buy you forgiveness â there lived a man known far and wide as Stingy Jack. Jack was meaner than a goat in a briar patch, trickier than a fox in a henhouse, and thirstier than a fish at sea.
(Aside to crowd)
âAs is the custom (meaning: 'as old tradition says'), a man who loves the drink more than the priestâs blessing is bound to meet the Devil at his elbow!"
One cold and blowy night, Jack sat at his usual spot in the pub, mug dry and pockets empty. Heâd drunk through every coin he had â as was his custom, along with lying, cheating, swindling, and being a general cruel and unsufferable conman and crook. Â
Then suddenly â WHOOOSH! â the door burst open! A cold wind swirled in, though no one had touched the latch. The crowd barely noticed, and those who did saw no one enter the door, but only Jack saw clear: the Devil himself stood there, tall, black-cloaked, and grinning like a butcherâs cat.
Old Scratch stepped forward, his eyes burning bright.
âAh now, Jack me lad, sure Iâve come for that black heart oâ yours at last!"
(âAh now, Jack my boy, Iâve finally come for your wicked soul!")
Jack swallowed hard but forced a crooked smile.
âWell now, good sir, surely â as is the custom â a man gets one last wish before heâs dragged below, eh?"
(âItâs tradition to grant a condemned man one final request, right?")
Black Peter squinted then snorted.
âOne last wish, is it? Arrah, yeâd talk a bishop outta his boots, so ye would! Go on then, one wish before we go!"
(âAh, youâre so slippery you could convince a bishop to walk barefoot â fine then, speak your last wish!")
Jack licked his lips.
âIâd fancy one more drink, sure â a final drop to wet the tongue before the fire! I've spent my last on that last pint of ale, and I'd like to have another, if you'd please."
(Aside, tapping belly)
âAs is the custom, a manâll trade Heaven itself for one last sup oâ the black stuff!"
(âA man might choose one last drink over salvation!")
The Devil nodded, and Jack downed his ale. But when the barkeep came round, Jack had no coin to pay.
âSay now, mighty prince of darkness," Jack said sweetly, âwould ye be so kind as to turn yerself into a silver coin, just for a blink, so I can pay the good man here?"
(âWill you turn into a coin so I can settle the bill?")
The Devil cackled.
âOhh, arenât ye the sly fox! Always up to your old jigs and japes (tricks), eh? But fine â Iâll play along!"
With a flash, he snapped his fingers and became a bright silver coin. But Jack, slyer than sin, shoved it in his pocket â where he kept a small silver cross.
The Devil screamed from the pocket.
âMother oâ mercy! Let me outta here, ye cursed spalpeen!"
(âGood grief! Let me out, you rotten rascal!")
Jack chuckled, tapped the pocket and winked.
âNot âtil you swear to leave me be for ten years. Else Iâll keep ye jiggling in me trousers âtil Judgement Day!"
(âPromise not to bother me for ten years or stay trapped forever!")
(Aside, winking)
âAs is the custom, a tricksterâs tongue can tie a devil in knots!"
Furious, fuming, burning, and spitting, the Devil agreed, and Jack let him out. With a snap of his fingers, Old Scratch disappeared in an instant like he hadn't just been standing in front of Jack.  Â
. . .
Ten years later, Jack was stumbling home from the pub again â penniless, stumbling, and wobbling with pockets empty, belly full of ale as was his custom â when a shiver ran down his spine, a chill seized him bodily, and goose pimples appeared on the back of his neck. He'd been keeping track of the days and he knew his jig was up.
He wheeled about to see the eyes cast upon him, and as he suspected saw Olde Black Peter waiting, arms crossed, tail twitching.
âTen years to the tick, and here I am! Did ye think Iâd forget, a mhic tĂre?"
(say it it: uh VICK TEER-eh, âson of a wolf,";âItâs been exactly ten years â did you think I wouldnât return, you wolfish scoundrel?")
Jackâs eyes darted to the orchard nearby.
âNow, now â as is the custom â one last wish before I go down below?"
Black Peter groaned.
âBy all the banshees, what is it this time?"
Jack pointed to the tallest apple while pointing at the tallest tree in the orchard, naturally the closest to his position at the side of the trail, and pointed at its highest branch, and the largest, juiciest, sweetest apple barely clinging to it.
âIâd like one last sweet apple â that one there, see? Just a taste before I burn forever."
Ole Beelzebub just grunted and snapped his fingers, leaping into the branches like a black cat in one giant leap. At the exact same moment that Old Scratch's cloven hooves left the ground, Jack sprinted nimbly to its trunk, whipped out his blade, and carved a deep cross into the bark. The Devil shrieked from the top branch, âSaints preserve me! Yeâll be the death oâ me yet!" (Youâre driving me mad with these tricks!)
Jack called up, laughing.
âSame deal as before! 'Cept this time, swear yeâll never take my soul to Hell!"
The Devil howled.
âYer tongueâs sharper than a tinkerâs awl (sharp tool)! Yer wits are slipperier than an eel in a barrel! Sure, itâs a rare soul altogether that can outfox the father of tricksters â and not just the once, but twice, mind ye! Fine then â I swear it! Now get me down, ye cursed bogtrotter!" (You win again. Just get me down, you swamp-born menace!)
Jack cleared the cross, and the Devil dropped to the ground, red with rage.
. . .
Years passed, and at last Jackâs body gave up. His soul floated up to Heavenâs gates, but Saint Peter crossed his arms.
âNo place for cheats and liars here!"
(Aside, folding arms)
âAs is the custom, no drunkard shares the saintsâ supper!" (Heavenâs not for drunks and tricksters.)
âSure, the Devilâs gossip runs faster than an old wifeâs tongue at the fair â no sooner had Jack breathed his last than the word was halfway round the otherworld! So when Jack came wanderinâ down to where he truly belonged, to the gates of Hell itself, who was there waitinâ but the Devil himself, tappinâ his hoof and grinninâ like a cat at the cream!"
So Jackâs soul drifted down to Hell. There stood the Devil, leaning on the fiery gates, grinning from horn to hoof.
âWell now, Jack, ye belong here sure enough â but a promise is a promise. Iâll not take ye!"
Jack fell to his knees.
âPlease, my evident sire! Iâve no place else! Let me in, for Iâve nowhere else to wander!"
The Devil roared with laughter so fierce the flames bent backward.
âA promise is a promise â and whoâd make a deal with the Devil if they thought he wouldnât keep his word? Hah! Take this ember, and may it light your endless wandering above! Off with ye now â be gone, Jack oâ the Lantern!"
With that, he kicked a burning coal (ember) from Hell at Jackâs feet. Jack picked it up and stumbled away into the dark.
Passing a turnip patch, he yanked one up, hollowed it with his blade, carved a wicked face, and set the ember inside.
(Aside, eyes wide)
âAs is the custom, a lantern wards off worse things than shadows!"
Ever since, Jack has roamed the dark hills and misty roads, a ghostly turnip lantern lighting his way. Folks call him Jack of the Lantern â or Jack oâ Lantern.
(Fool steps forward, big finish, staff in air)
âAnd after all... whoâd make a deal with the Devil if they thought he wouldnât keep his word?!"
(Bows deep, cap in hand)
âToss us a coin if ye liked the tale â or else Jack may come tap-tap-tappinâ at your window come All Hallowsâ Eve!"
⏠ď¸Back to:Â
The Sacred Wheelđ
How the Great Fire Festivals Marked Time
đYou're here:
Samhain Survivalsđ
How Crom was erased from Irish mythology
Continue âĄď¸
Samhain Survivalsđ
How Samhain became Halloween